Polecam opracowanie dotyczące Tylochromis polylepis. Gatunek ten należy do Tylochromini, jednego z najstarszych szczepów wśród tanganickich ryb.
Praca pokazuje ewolucję i sposób zasiedlenia pzrez ten gatunek jeziora Tanganika.
Evolutionary history of the endemic Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish Tylochromis polylepis: a recent intruder to a mature adaptive radiation
Koch M, Koblmuller S, Sefc KM, Duftner N, Katongo C, Sturmbauer C
JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH
45 (1): 64-71 FEB 2007
Abstract:
With an age of 9-12 million years (Myr) Lake Tanganyika holds the oldest and most complex species flock of cichlid fishes. It is believed to be of polyphyletic origin and rooted in nine ancient African lineages, six of which underwent diversification, while three remained monotypic. Here, the evolutionary history, route and timing of colonization were analyzed, as well as intraspecific genetic diversity of Tylochromis polylepis, the single albeit endemic representative of the tribe Tylochromini in Lake Tanganyika. The role of Tylochromis in the radiation was uncertain and the species was suggested to be either an ancient colonizer or a recent addition to the fauna. With 2.8-4.2% sequence divergence to four congeners living in Lakes Bangweulu and Mweru (Upper Congo River) as well as from Luozi River and Lake Etsotso (Lower Congo River), the species appears to be a recent colonizer, which is likely to have diverged from its riverine allies less than 510 000 years ago. The ability to enter an adaptive radiation at a highly mature stage with its densely packed species community and fine-tuned niche segregation seems remarkable. So far it was assumed that all Tanganyikan endemics evolved within the lake ecosystem by intralacustrine speciation, and that complex competitive interactions among endemics tighten the system against intruders. The intruding species can be classified as a generalist living over muddy bottom in the lake and in river estuaries. Microgeographic substructuring is suggested, possibly because of geographic segregation of breeding sites. Concerning the route of colonization, a downstream movement via one of the inflowing rivers situated in the south of Lake Tanganyika is suggested.
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